Abstract: The purpose of this study is to examine how the Swedish policy of neutrality has changed between the years 1990-2008. The research method used for this essay has been comparative case study, which strives to answer four research questions. Two of these questions are: Which specific occurrences have been fundamental in changing the Swedish policy of neutrality? How have the Swedish policy of neutrality and the Policy of non-alignment changed between the years 1990-2008? The theoretical frame work of this study consists of Europeanization as a comprehensive theoretical perspective. In order to explain the Swedish act regarding the policy of neutrality, Logic of Consequences and Logic of appropriateness are used.

This essay is on the subject of the changes that the Swedish military is undergoing. This essay will take the old ways of alignment thinking, were the military was to protect the nation against an invasion and compare it to the newer way of alignment thinking, where the military is to go abroad and do peacekeeping operations as there main objective. This comparison will be done by using Bengt Abrahamson theory about professions. He uses three parts one is specialised theoretical knowledge, another is ethics and the last is corps spirit. This theory will then be connected to four interviews.

Bakgrund: Befintlig alignmentteori berör inte de svårigheter som företag möter i att uppnå strategisk alignment, särskilt när de genomgår större förändringar. De förändringar som amerikanska och europeiska fullserviceflygbolag har genomgått genom att introducera lågprisalternativ visar att det har varit svårt att skapa lönsamhet. Syfte: Syftet med uppsatsen är, att med hjälp av exempel från flygbranschen, konkretisera befintlig alignmentteori, sätta alignment i relation till olika förändringsprocesser, samt att utifrån de olika förändringsprocesserna diskutera förutsättningar för att uppnå alignment vid en partiell förändring. Genomförande: Sekundärdatastudie av den amerikanska och europeiska flygmarknaden. Resultat: Förutsättningarna för att uppnå alignment vid partiell förändring kan underlättas av en dialektisk förändringsprocess i kombination med ett livscykelsynsätt, och försvåras av en teleologisk eller evolutionär förändringsprocess..

In 1998 Sweden accepted the Treaty of Amsterdam which contained a development of the common foreign and security policy (CFSP) towards a European security and defense policy (ESDP). This thesis aims at studying the decision making process behind the Swedish foreign policy decision to further develop its security policy within the European Union. The purpose is to explain which factors and conditions that did affect and influence the Swedish foreign policy decision. The research applies foreign policy analysis, a theoretical perspective that analyzes both domestic and international conditions using different levels of analysis. The research methods being used has been qualitative as well as quantitative, complemented by interviews, since the research is a process tracing case study.The thesis conclusion is that the Swedish decision is explained by several factors.

Denna uppsats avser beskriva alignment, överensstämmelse, mellan Den nationella IT-strategin för vård och omsorg och verksamhetsplaner som finns för de offentliga sjukhusen i Västra Götalandsregionen. Detta har gjorts av orsaken att det funnits en implementeringsproblematik gällande Den nationella IT-strategin. Genom jämföra dessa utifrån perspektivet alignment avses kunna bidra med en möjlig förklaring till dessa problem.Metoden utifrån vilken de lokala verksamhetsplanerna och IT-strategin har studerats utgjordes av en kvalitativ textanalys på hermeneutisk grund. IT-strategin analyserades inledningsvis utifrån de centrala mjuka parametrar (värderingar och mål) som denna innehöll. Därefter analyserades och jämfördes de lokala verksamhetsplanerna utifrån samma mjuka parametrar.Resultatet pekar mot att det råder en viss brist på alignment mellan Den nationella IT-strategin och de lokala verksamhetsplanerna.

With background in the acknowledgement of the current period of major change in the characteristics of traditional Swedish foreign policy, considering the membership in the European Union, as well as the new contextual scenarios that Sweden has been situated in after the end of the cold war, this thesis aims at scrutinizing the Swedish Foreign Policy from 1991 to 2010. The purpose of the thesis is further to localize continuity and change in the ideas which Sweden has explicitly stated in its foreign policy. Based on the theory of institutionalism, the thesis also aims to bring forward plausible explanations built on the main empirical findings. This has been done by identifying different types of goals and means within realism and liberalism as well as categorizing each theory within three ideal types.The chosen research method has been a qualitative text analysis with focus on an ideational analysis. The material on which the descriptive analysis is based upon is constituted by the annual statements of government policy in parliamentary debates on foreign affairs.The results of the thesis show that the ideas that are related to solidarity, consensus and active foreign policy are constant through the period of examination.

With background in the acknowledgement of the current period of major change in the characteristics of traditional Swedish foreign policy, considering the membership in the European Union, as well as the new contextual scenarios that Sweden has been situated in after the end of the cold war, this thesis aims at scrutinizing the Swedish Foreign Policy from 1991 to 2010. The purpose of the thesis is further to localize continuity and change in the ideas which Sweden has explicitly stated in its foreign policy. Based on the theory of institutionalism, the thesis also aims to bring forward plausible explanations built on the main empirical findings. This has been done by identifying different types of goals and means within realism and liberalism as well as categorizing each theory within three ideal types.The chosen research method has been a qualitative text analysis with focus on an ideational analysis. The material on which the descriptive analysis is based upon is constituted by the annual statements of government policy in parliamentary debates on foreign affairs.The results of the thesis show that the ideas that are related to solidarity, consensus and active foreign policy are constant through the period of examination.

The social dimension in the EU, explored through the document texts of the Treaty of Rome, the Lisbon Strategy, the Social Policy Agenda and the Swedish Strategy ReportThis paper explores the social dimension of EU social policy, except the aspects of the economic and labour market. The EU documents reveal an underlying line of thought stemming from the alignment of the six founding countries, spearheaded by France, with the conservative corporatist welfare model. As one of four European welfare models, the conservative corporatist model emphasises labour market issues, corporate social responsibility and the subsidiarity principle in EU social policy. It also influences how the texts define the terms social, social policy and social exclusion. The definitions determine how policymakers combat problems such as social exclusion and identify the policy issues to be included in EU social policy.The Swedish Strategy shows how the country is responding to the objectives that it has been assigned by the EU and how it plans to attain them.

The aim of this report is to give a picture of how attitudes and behaviours of owners of environment cars look like and how they can be influenced. The alignment lies on environmental cars which run on biogas and ethanol which both are renewable fuels. The starting point is to sort out if it is environmental thinking that controls the choice and use of an environmental car. The feeling is that there are many other factors that can be more controlling, for example the price and the quality of the car. The result of the questionnaire survey which is the foundation of the report shows however that those who buy an environmental car do it mostly because of environmental reasons.

The aim of this study was to describe, analyze and compare the Left Party?s, the Social Democratic Party?s, the Liberal People?s Party?s and the Moderate Party?s ideas on immigration policy from 1960-2010. In this study the immigration policy program or party program was analyzed through idea analysis to find out what immigration policy interventions they have come with, and if they want to assimilate or integrate immigrants. Materials used for the study are the immigration policy programs and party programs. Even scientific journals and articles have been used, in both national and international level.

The aim of this study was to investigate whether a direct shift inpostural alignment results in changes in voice source characteristics. Ninemales with untrained voices were recorded standing in ideal posturalalignment and in the deviant postures swayback and kyphosis characterizedby extended hips and a slump back respectively. The voice source wasderived from the audio signal by inverse filtering. The parameters pulseamplitude, maximal flow declination rate, level difference between the firstand second voice source partials, closed quotient and the normalizedamplitude quotient in relation to subglottal pressure were compared betweenideal postural alignment and swayback and kyphosis respectively. Resultsindicate an impact of changed postural alignment on the voice source.Swayback posture gave significantly less pulse amplitude and maximal flowdeclination rate and significantly higher subglottal pressures thus resulting ina less effective phonation.

This study aims to build a deeper understanding on how shareholder value is created in Private Equity investments, especially during the holding period. The study is a qualitative study of the buyout of the access security company Bewator AB made by the Swedish Private Equity firm EQT in 2002. The buyout became highly successful due to various reasons. The study draws the conclusion, contrary to popular belief, that Private Equity firms create value through taking a long term view on business developing rather than being short term value destroyers. Incentive alignment is another important factor..

Ett återkommande problem är att IT-verksamheten fungerar som en stat i staten: att IT-verksamheten inte är i enhetlighet med affärsverksamheten som den ska stödja. Det finns forskningsområden där teorier utvecklats för att kunna hantera detta problem och jag har titta på Alignment och IT-management. Istället för att kalla det Alignment har jag valt att kalla detta för länkning: att man ska länka samman IT-verksamhet med affärsverksamhet så att de går i samma riktning. Jag har förstått att det mest grundläggande, när det handlar om länkning, är att via strategier försöka få IT-verksamheten att harmonisera med affärsverksamheten. Men strategier är artefakter och det är IT-personal som utför arbetet som ska stödja affärsverksamheten.

After the last election Sweden has got a government that claims to be feminist. This thesis discusses whether the change of labels has also brought along policy formulated in a feminist way, arguing that the way policy is expressed affects how people see a certain problem. Three policy proposals are analysed, and in only one case the government seems to have been influenced by feminist ideas. The other proposals partly support claims made by new institutionalism that norms and routines in an organisation work to resist policy change, but also shows that feminist ideas are resisted more actively. The fact that so called policy entrepreneurs was present in the policy process at a certain period in time, probably counts for one explanation to the exceptional policy.

Syftet med studien är att beskriva hur små verksamheter kan skapa riktning på förändring genom sina IS/IT-satsningar i ett steg mot att utveckla en IS/IT-strategi. Då små organisationer ofta saknar formulerade strategidokument och någon specifikt ansvarig för IT tenderar investeringar att vara impulsiva och brista i anknytning till verksamhetsstrategin. En sådan anknytning brukar benämnas alignment, vilket kan skapa riktning för framtida IS/IT-satsningar.Genom en fallstudie av en liten organisation med mycket av denna problematik utfördes semistrukturerade intervjuer på ledningsnivå inriktade mot företagets marknadsförings- och försäljningsaspekter på deras hemsida för att vidare applicera ett egenskapat analytiskt ramverk på fallet. Ramverket skapar en utgångspunkt utifrån värdekedjan för att vidare genom en SWOT-analys utläsa styrkor och svagheter för att formulera den strategiska positionen och definiera kritiska aspekter. Genom att undersöka de kritiska aspekterna kan IS/IT-satsningar ställas i kontext mot den strategiska positionen för att skapa en grund för att ta fram förbättringsförslag utifrån de glapp som uppstår.I studien har vi kunnat konstatera att det finns skillnader i uppfattning mellan verksamhetens strategiska ställningstaganden och vad som faktiskt presenteras i form av IT och vi menar därför att vårt analytiska ramverk hjälpt oss hitta aspekter som bör arbetas med för att skapa en enhetlig syn mellan verksamhet och IT.Det analytiska ramverket är ett förslag på ett strukturerat arbetssätt för att uppnå alignment i sina IS/IT-satsningar ur ett kontinuerligt förändringsperspektiv..